Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BC): Thales was a pre-Socratic philosopher who is considered to be one of the first Western philosophers. He believed that everything in the universe is made of water, and that water is therefore divine.

Anaximander (c. 610 – c. 546 BC): Anaximander was a student of Thales who developed a more complex pantheistic system. He believed that the universe is made of an infinite substance called the apeiron, which is both material and divine.

Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BC): Heraclitus was another pre-Socratic philosopher who believed that everything in the universe is in a constant state of flux. He also believed that there is a single underlying conscious principle that supports the universe, which he called the Logos.

Meister Eckhart (c. 1260 – c. 1328): Meister Eckhart was a German mystic who developed a pantheistic theology. He believed that God is immanent in all things, and that humans can achieve union with God through mystical experience.

Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600): Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher who was burned at the stake for his pantheistic views. He believed that the universe is infinite and that God is immanent in all things.

Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 1464): Nicholas of Cusa was a German philosopher who developed a panentheistic system that he called “learned ignorance.” He believed that God is both transcendent and immanent, and that humans can only know God through mystical experience.

Baruch Spinoza (1632 – 1677): Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher who is considered to be one of the most important pantheistic thinkers. He believed that God is identical with nature, and that there is only one substance in the universe, which he called God or Nature.

John Toland (1670 – 1722): John Toland was an Irish philosopher who coined the term “pantheism.” He believed that God is immanent in the universe, and that there is no distinction between God and nature.

Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804): Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who explored pantheistic ideas in his Critique of Judgment. He believed that God is the ultimate source of beauty and goodness, and that humans can experience God through aesthetic experience.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832): Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer and philosopher who was influenced by pantheism. He believed that God is immanent in nature, and that humans can find God through the study of nature.

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882): Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American writer and philosopher who was a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement. He believed that God is immanent in all things, and that humans can achieve union with God through intuition and experience.

Walt Whitman (1819 – 1892): Walt Whitman was an American poet who was influenced by pantheism. He celebrated the beauty and diversity of the natural world, and he believed that God is present in all things.

William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850): William Wordsworth was an English poet who was influenced by pantheism. He celebrated the beauty and power of nature, and he believed that nature can teach us about God.

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955): Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed the theory of relativity. He expressed pantheistic views, believing that God is the ultimate source of order and beauty in the universe.

Carl Jung (1875 – 1961): Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who developed the theory of analytical psychology. He explored pantheistic ideas in his work, believing that God is both personal and impersonal, and that humans can experience God through the unconscious mind.

Osho (1931 – 1990): Osho was a controversial spiritual leader during his life. He showed that spiritual experience should not be organized into any one system of religious teachings. He advocated meditation and taught that is many unique forms. Rejecting traditional practices, he advocated that his followers live fully in the world but without attachment to it. More